Make hand hygiene practical
Handwashing helps reduce the transfer of germs. Use soap and safe running water where possible, covering the palms, backs of hands, between fingers, fingertips, and wrists before rinsing and drying safely.
- Wash before preparing or eating food.
- Wash after using the toilet or helping a child use it.
- Wash after handling waste, animals, or dirty items.
- Wash before and after caring for someone who is unwell.
Protect water and food
Store drinking water in clean, covered containers and avoid dipping dirty cups or hands into the supply. Follow trusted local guidance on water treatment where the safety of a source is uncertain.
Keep raw and ready-to-eat foods separate, cook food thoroughly, cover prepared food, and clean surfaces and utensils.
Manage sanitation and waste
Safe toilet use, clean surroundings, drainage maintenance, and responsible waste disposal reduce exposure to harmful contamination and pests. Community action is often necessary because one household cannot control shared drains, dumping areas, or water points alone.
Use household chemicals safely
Keep disinfectants, pesticides, medicines, fuels, and other chemicals in their original labelled containers and out of children’s reach. Never mix cleaning chemicals unless the product instructions explicitly say it is safe. Ensure ventilation and follow protective guidance.